100+ Logical Reasoning Questions and Answers for Competitive Exams - 2
Question: 1
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
Some swords are sharp. All swords are rusty.
Conclusions :
I. Some rusty things are sharp.
II. Some rusty things are not sharp.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: A
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.
Question: 2
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
All men are married. Some men are educated.
Conclusions :
I. Some married are educated.
II. Some educated are married.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: E
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows . II is the converse of I and thus it also holds.
Question: 3
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
Some adults are boys. Some boys are old.
Conclusions :
I. Some adults are not old.
II. Some boys are not old.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: D
Both the premises are I-type propositions and as such, the middle term boys is not distributed even once in the premises. So, no definite conclusions follows.
Question: 4
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
Some books are tables. Some tables are mirrors.
Conclusions :
I. Some mirrors are books.
II. No book is mirror.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: C
Since both the premises are particular no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question: 5
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
Raman is always successful. No fool is always successful.
Conclusions :
I. Raman is a fool.
II. Raman is not a fool.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: B
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only II follows.
Question: 6
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
All pens are chalks. All chairs are chalks.
Conclusions :
I. Some pens are chairs.
II. Some chalks are pens.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: B
Since the middle term chalks is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.
Question: 7
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
No magazine is cap. All caps are cameras.
Conclusions :
I. No camera is magazine.
II. Some cameras are magazines.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: C
As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that ‘Some cameras are not magazines’. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
Question: 8
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
All men are dogs. All dogs are cats
Conclusions :
I. All men are cats.
II. All cats are men.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: A
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative. However, conclusion II, being an A-type proposition, distributes the term goat. Since the term goats is distributed in II without being distributed in any of the premises, so conclusion II cannot follow. Thus, only I follows.
Question: 9
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
All jungles are tigers. Some tigers are horses.
Conclusions :
I. Some horses are jungles.
II. No horse is jungle.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: C
Since the middle term tiger is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.
Question: 10
In each questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Statements :
All tubes are handles. All cups are handles.
Conclusions :
I. All cups are tubes.
II. Some handles are not cups.
(A) if only conclusion I follows
(B) if only conclusion II follows
(C) if either conclusion I or II follows
(D) if neither conclusion I nor II follows
(E) if both conclusions I and II follow
Ans: D
Both the premises are A type propositions. So, in either, the middle term handles forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
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